astronomy

This Royal Decree aims at establishing a natural reserve, named Western Hajar Starlight Reserve, in the Governorate of Dakhiliyah.

One of the Act's objectives is to regulate activities which cause or could cause light pollution or radio frequency interference or interfere in any other way with astronomy and related scientific endeavours in those areas. Light pollution is defined as any effect from artificially created or harnessed light that is visible to the naked eye or can be detected with astronomical instrumentation at night, such as sky glow, glare, light trespass and light clutter, which impacts on astronomy, and includes the effect of street lighting, outdoor security lights, laser promotional lights or self-lit billboards. This Act indicates possibilities of prohibitions or restrictions on activities which may cause light pollution.

This law aims to: a) Reduce light and optical pollution, along with associated energy consumption. b) Standardize design criteria to enhance the quality of light in road traffic safety systems. c) Safeguard scientific and public research activities conducted by astronomical observatories from light pollution. d) Protect the natural environment, including territory, the natural rhythms of animal and plant species, and ecological balances inside and outside protected areas from light pollution. e) Preserve the night sky for the entire population. f) Disseminate awareness of light pollution issues and train technicians in the lighting sector. The law recognizes the starry sky as a natural heritage to be conserved and enriched.

This law aims to restrict light pollution and minimize energy consumption resulting from external lighting. The objective is to facilitate the advancement of scientific and public research conducted by both public and private astronomical observatories, while also enabling the appreciation of the starry sky as an integral element of the regional landscape heritage. For the purposes of this legislation, light pollution is defined as any artificial light radiation dispersed outside its designated functional areas or directed above the horizon line.

Promotes the reduction of light pollution and associated energy consumption to conserve the natural environment, including territory, the rhythms of animal and plant species, and ecological balances inside and outside protected natural areas. Additionally, it seeks to protect the night sky as a natural heritage, ensuring citizen health and supporting scientific research and outreach activities of astronomical observatories listed in Annex A of this law.

This legislation encompasses regulations with the objective of diminishing light pollution within the Basilicata Region's territory. The rules are designed to adhere to meteorological conditions, ensuring the transparency and stability of the atmosphere. This includes addressing potential humidity issues resulting from elevated water levels or natural and artificial reservoirs. The overarching aim is to safeguard the ecological equilibrium of natural areas and foster scientific research and outreach activities of Astronomical Observatories by protecting the sites housing Astronomical Stations.

The objectives of this law include: a) limiting light pollution within the regional territory; b) safeguarding nocturnal fauna and migratory routes of avifauna from the effects of light pollution; c) protecting both professional and non-professional astronomical observatories, along with their surroundings, from the impacts of light pollution. According to this legislation, any form of artificial light irradiation outside its designated functional areas, especially towards the celestial vault, is deemed light pollution. The law specifies exemptions for certain lighting sources, which fall outside the scope of the regulation.

This law is designed to achieve the following objectives: a) Decrease light and optical pollution by comprehensively rationalizing public lighting services, with a specific focus on minimizing consumption and enhancing the luminous efficiency of systems. b) Safeguard the natural biorhythms of plants and animals, especially the migratory routes of avifauna, by addressing and mitigating the impacts of light pollution. c) Enhance the environment by upholding the ecological balance of protected natural areas. d) Mitigate glare and visual fatigue stemming from light pollution, contributing to an improvement in road traffic safety. e) Protect the sites hosting both professional and non-professional astronomical observatories of regional or provincial significance, as well as their surroundings, from the detrimental effects of light pollution. f) Improve the quality of life and conditions within urban centers while enhancing the preservation of monumental and architectural environmental assets.

Through this legislation, the Veneto Region aims to: a) Reduce light and optical pollution, along with the associated energy consumption; b) Establish consistent design criteria to enhance the quality of light in road traffic safety systems; c) Safeguard scientific and popular research activities conducted by astronomical observatories from the effects of light pollution; d) Protect the natural environment, encompassing territory, the natural rhythms of animal and plant species, and ecological balances both within and outside protected natural areas, from light pollution; e) Safeguard landscape; f) Preserve the vision of the starry sky for the benefit of the regional population; g) Disseminate awareness among the public on issues related to light pollution and provide training for technicians with expertise in the field of lighting. According to this law, the starry sky is considered a natural heritage that requires preservation and enhancement.

The objectives of this legislation are as follows: a) To achieve a reduction in energy consumption and prevent light pollution stemming from the utilization of outdoor (external) lighting systems of all types, including advertising. b) To establish consistent design criteria aimed at enhancing the light quality of safety systems for road traffic, as well as promoting the improvement of urban centers and the preservation of the cultural and architectural heritage within the Campania Region. c) To safeguard professional astronomical observatories and amateur ones of regional or provincial significance from the adverse effects of light pollution. d) To protect the natural environment and preserve the natural biorhythms of animal and plant species. e) To promote public awareness of issues related to light pollution and facilitate the training of technicians within public administrations in this field.