vacated

St. Joseph's High School, Inc. v. Planning & Zoning Commission

Full Case Name
ST. JOSEPH'S HIGH SCHOOL, INC., et al. v. PLANNING AND ZONING COMMISSION OF the TOWN OF TRUMBULL
Description

The Planning and Zoning Commission of the Town of Trumball (Commission) denied the special permit of a private school for the installation of four light poles, seventy feet in height, to illuminate its primary athletic field, after considering concerns from resident neighbors of the private school that allowing the lights would adversely affect the "use and enjoyment" of their properties. The Court vacated the lower court's decision which had allowed the private school's case against the Commission because "a zoning commission has discretion to determine whether a proposal satisfies the requirements for a special permit."

Date
09-19-2017
Court
Connecticut Appellate Court
Jurisdiction
Connecticut
Incident Location
Fairfield, CT
Disputed Act

Plaintiff private school filed an application for a special permit with the Planning and Zoning Commission of the Town of Trumball (Commission) for the installation of four light poles, seventy feet in height, to illuminate the school’s primary athletic field. The Comission denied the special permit after considering concerns from resident neighbors of the private school that allowing the lights would adversely affect the "use and enjoyment" of their properties.

Holding
The Court vacated the lower court's decision which allowed plaintiff's case against the Planning and Zoning Commission of the Town of Trumball. The Court remanded the case to the lower court with instructions to dismiss the case because "a zoning commission has discretion to determine whether a proposal satisfies the requirements for a special permit" and "judicial review is confined to the question of whether the commission
abused its discretion in finding that an applicant failed to demonstrate compliance."
Disposition

EQT Production v. Boro of Jefferson Hills, Aplt.

Full Case Name
EQT PRODUCTION COMPANY and ET Blue Grass Clearing, LLC, Appellees v. BOROUGH OF JEFFERSON HILLS, Appellant
Description

The Court found the testimonial evidence of the residents from the other municipality about the effects of the company's construction site in their municipality to be "relevant and probative" to the municipality in this case denying the same company a conditional use permit for a construction site. Part of the residents' concerns from the other municipality was about bright lights and light pollution coming from the company's construction site.

Date
05-31-2019
Court
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Jurisdiction
Pennsylvania
Plaintiffs
Incident Location
Allegheny Township, PA
Disputed Act

Plaintiff company applied for a conditional use permit to construct a natural gas production complex within the Borough of Jefferson Hills (the Borough). In deciding against the permit, the Borough considered as evidence the testimony of residents of another municipality regarding the impacts to their health, quality of life, and property which they attributed to a similar facility constructed and operated by the same company in their municipality. Part of the residents' concerns from the other municipality was about bright lights and light pollution coming from the company's construction site.

Holding
The Court vacated the lower court's finding that the testimonial evidence of the residents from the other municipality about the effects of the company's construction site in their municipality was "speculative" and instead found that evidence to be "relevant and probative" to the municipality in this case denying the same company a conditional use permit for a construction site. The Court remanded the case to the lower court with instructions to reconsider its decision in light of the Court's opinion.
Disposition

McElhaney v. City of Moab

Full Case Name
Jeramey MCELHANEY and Mary McElhaney, Appellees, v. CITY OF MOAB and Moab City Council, Appellants.
Description

Individuals applied for a permit for a bed and breakfast. City Planning Commission approved the permit in spite of neighbors' concerns. The permit was later denied by City Council; the denial was reversed by the district court. Court found City Council did not issue sufficient findings supporting its denial of the permit, and that the district court should have permitted Council to craft new findings of fact and conclusions of law capable of appellate review.

Date
09-21-2017
Court
Utah Supreme Court
Jurisdiction
Utah
Plaintiffs
Defendants
Incident Location
Moab, UT
Disputed Act

Individuals applied for a permit for a bed and breakfast on their property in a residential neighborhood. The City Planning Commission approved the permit subject to conditions in spite of neighbors' concerns over the impact on the neighborhood. The permit was later denied by the City Council; the denial was reversed by the district court.

Holding
The Court found the City Council did not issue sufficient findings supporting its denial of the permit. The Court also found that the district court should have permitted the Council to craft new findings of fact and conclusions of law capable of appellate review.
Disposition

Katherine's Bay, LLC v. Fagan

Full Case Name
KATHERINE'S BAY, LLC, Intervenor, Appellant, v. Ronald J. FAGAN and Citrus County, Appellees
Description

The Court vacated the Administration Commission decision, finding that reliance in part on neighboring landowner's layperson testimony regarding potential increase of traffic, litter, noise, and light pollution coming from the Recreational Vehicle Park/Campground was not considered substantial evidence. The Court also found that the County's ordinance amending the zoning plan did not make the zoning plan "internally inconsistent." The Court remanded the case to the Administration Commission for reinstatement of the ordinance allowing the Recreational Vehicle Park/Campground as an amended part of the County's zoning plan.

Date
12-14-2010
Court
Florida District Court of Appeal
Jurisdiction
Florida
Plaintiffs
Defendants
Incident Location
Citrus County, FL
Disputed Act

Developer sought to rezone property to Recreational Vehicle Park/Campground (RVP) and in response the County adopted an ordinance to amend the zoning plan. Neighboring property owner challenged the rezoning ordinance, citing potential increase of traffic, litter, noise, and light pollution. Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) ruled that the County's rezoning of property to include the RVP was invalid because it rendered the zoning plan "internally inconsistent." The Administration Commission adopted the ALJ's ruling.

Holding
The Court vacated the Administration Commission decision, finding that reliance in part on neighboring landowner's layperson testimony regarding potential increase of traffic, litter, noise, and light pollution coming from the Recreational Vehicle Park/Campground was not considered substantial evidence. The Court also found that the County's ordinance amending the zoning plan did not make the zoning plan "internally inconsistent." The Court remanded the case to the Administration Commission for reinstatement of the ordinance allowing the Recreational Vehicle Park/Campground as an amended part of the County's zoning plan.
Disposition

Tenlan Reality Corp. v. Board of Standards & Appeals

Full Case Name
In the Matter of the Application of Tenlan Realty Corporation and Another, Appellants, against The Board of Standards and Appeals of the City of New York, and Harris H. Murdock, Chairman, and Others, the Members Thereof, Respondents, and Treeverse Realty Corporation, Intervenor, Respondent
Description

The Court vacated the lower court decision dismissing the plaintiffs' claim that the City's Board of Standards and Appeals had no proper basis for a variance of its Zone Resolution regulating illuminated roof signs. The City's variance would have allowed a store to erect on the roofs of its premises an illuminated sign which would have been one hundred feet long and twelve feet high. The Court found that the "permitted use of glaringly bright electric lights would be so annoying to occupants of adjacent properties used exclusively for residential purposes as practically to constitute a nuisance to them; it would also affect adversely the value of property in this residental district."

Date
06-11-1937
Court
New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction
New York
Plaintiffs
Defendants
Incident Location
Bronx, NY
Disputed Act

The City's Board of Standards and Appeals granted a variance of its Zone Resolution, permitting the erection of an illuminated sign "one hundred feet long and twelve feet high on the roof of the premises of stores" in "a district zoned for residence purposes." The owners of adjacent apartment houses filed a suit against the City's Board of Standards and Appeals decision, claiming "that this enormous illuminated sign, burning throughout the night in the rear of their apartments, would have a most serious effect on their property, causing tenants to vacate."

Holding
The Court vacated the lower court decision dismissing the plaintiffs' claim that the City's Board of Standards and Appeals had no proper basis for a variance of its Zone Resolution regulating illuminated roof signs. The City's variance would have allowed a store to erect on the roofs of its premises an illuminated sign which would have been one hundred feet long and twelve feet high. The Court found that the "permitted use of glaringly bright electric lights would be so annoying to occupants of adjacent properties used exclusively for residential purposes as practically to constitute a nuisance to them; it would also affect adversely the value of property in this residental district."
Disposition

State v. Calabria

Full Case Name
THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY, (LONG HILL TOWNSHIP), PLAINTIFF, v. CALABRIA, GILLETTE LIQUORS & DIANE'S COUNTRY KITCHEN, DEFENDANTS
Description

The Court held that Long Hill Township’s ordinance prohibiting neon commerical signs was an impermissible restriction on commercial advertising because there was no evidence of a "nexus between the aesthetics purposes and a total ban of neon." The Court vacated the lower court's decision finding the ordinance constitutional and also vacated defendants' convictions for violating the Township's ordinance.

Date
01-24-1997
Court
New Jersey Superior Court, Law Division
Jurisdiction
New Jersey
Plaintiffs
Defendants
Incident Location
Morris County, NJ
Disputed Act

Defendant business owners had signs on the inside of their stores illuminated by neon, which violated the Long Hill Township's ordinance regulating signs. The trial court upheld the constitutionality of the ordinance and found each defendant guilty of violating the ordinance. Defendants appealed their convictions.

Holding
The Court held that Long Hill Township’s ordinance prohibiting neon commerical signs to be an impermissible restriction on commercial advertising because there was no evidence of a "nexus between the aesthetics purposes and a total ban of neon." The Court vacated the lower court's decision finding the ordinance constitutional and also vacated defendants' convictions for violating the Township's ordinance.
Disposition

George Ward Builders, Inc. v. City of Lee's Summit

Full Case Name
GEORGE WARD BUILDERS, INC., and Robert Allen, Appellants, v. CITY OF LEE'S SUMMIT, Missouri, Respondent
Description

Landowners brought action against the City for nuisance caused by lighting system at a nearby city park. Trial court dismissed landowners' petition. Court of Appeals held that landowners were entitled to amend their petition to plead claim of inverse condemnation on remand.

Date
11-23-2004
Court
Missouri Court of Appeals
Jurisdiction
Missouri
Plaintiffs
Defendants
Incident Location
Lee's Summit, MO
Disputed Act

Outdoor lighting system for sporting fields in a park owned by City of Lee's Summit created extreme level of light pollution that interfered with adjacent residential use and enjoyment of property.

Holding
The Court found trial court's dismissal of plaintiff's petition was final and appealable. The Court ruled that landowners were entitled to amend thier petition to plead claim of inverse condemnation.
Disposition

Whiteco Outdoor Advertising v. City of Tucson

Full Case Name
WHITECO OUTDOOR ADVERTISING, a division of Whiteco Industries, Inc., a Nebraska corporation, Plaintiff/Appellee, v. CITY OF TUCSON, an Arizona municipal corporation, Defendant/Appellant
Description

City of Tucson outdoor lighting code prohibited bottom-mounted lighting on billboards. Whiteco Outdoor Advertising sought to enjoin city from enforcing lighting code against their existing billboards. The Court held that the City's charter provides general police power to regulate billboard lighting.

Date
04-28-1998
Court
Arizona Court of Appeals
Jurisdiction
Arizona
Plaintiffs
Defendants
Incident Location
Tucson, AZ
Disputed Act

The City of Tucson passed an ordinance under the City's Outdoor Lighting Code which banned light fixtures mounted on the bottom of existing billboards. Plaintiff company filed a suit objecting to the requirement that it change its billboards to complay with this new requirement. Plaintiff was granted partial summary judgement because the Superior Court ruled the lighting fixtures were protected as nonconforming uses under ARS §9-462.02(A). The City appealed.

Holding
The Court held that the City of Tucson's charter provides general police power to regulate billboard lighting.
Disposition