Hesse

Section §21 regulates lighting systems, advertising systems, and sky spotlights with a focus on protecting insect fauna and preventing light pollution in outdoor areas. Key provisions include restrictions on illuminating building facades during specific hours, requirements for insect-friendly lighting on public streets, paths, and squares, and a ban on outdoor advertising systems. Exceptions are granted for specific cases, such as advertising at events, signposts, and certain agricultural advertising systems, subject to approval from the nature conservation authority. The highest nature conservation authority is empowered to establish detailed regulations regarding the impact of outdoor lighting systems on wildlife and the permissibility of illuminated advertising systems in outdoor areas.

Section § 4 - Protection of living beings from lighting:
This section emphasizes the need to avoid light emissions to support the undisturbed alternation of activity and rest phases for diurnal and nocturnal species, in addition to provisions in the Federal Nature Conservation Act.

Section § 35 aims to protect light-sensitive species by advocating the avoidance of unnecessary artificial light, especially outdoor lighting that exceeds required levels or lacks a clear purpose. The measures include exemptions for horticultural production, regulations for designing lighting systems on public streets, and prohibitions on sky spotlights and illuminated advertising during specific hours. Municipalities have the authority to enact statutes regulating the environmental effects of light, and efforts are encouraged for insect-friendly designs in outdoor and built-up areas, with penalties for non-compliance.